Art and Aesthetics free essay sample

As time and centuries pass simultaneously art evolves too. During the Greek – Roman period in history art was a powerful medium and was used as a research instrument for studying the human body. The Greeks loved perfection, religion, and their government. These values were transferred to the Romans who adapted the Greek culture together with their swag. Later on by doing so, the mixture of both cultures came to be known as the â€Å"classical civilization† (The Greek Spirit pg. 99). The Greco-Roman style influenced many people specifically philosophers, pushed them to create theories that would explain, measure and declare what was art. Amongst these men we encounter the famous philosopher Plato and his ideal aesthetic when developing art. Plato theorized on the skill and knowledge behind making a piece, the advantages and disadvantages of mimiquing art, and the whereabouts of artistic inspiration. When looking at Plato’s theories in comparison to the modern person, the way in which artist create art today, the theories no longer apply. We will write a custom essay sample on Art and Aesthetics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Art is a generated feeling, idea, experience, or concept that is given a form by the artist. That’s the basic idea of how art is created, however Plato believes art’s process to be more specific, â€Å"Art conceived generally as techne, presupposes a knowing and a making: Knowing the end to be aimed at and the best means for achieving the end† (Philosophies of Art and Beauty pg. 1). Here Plato says that all works of art are created with skill and knowledge (techne), meaning the artist must be educated in the type of medium he is using.It also says that because all art has techne the artist should be able to follow a specific size, length and form according to Plato in order to achieve the ideal end. Now looking at a modern example of art in this case graffiti we see that the concept of maintaining a form is still there however this type of art does not necessarily follow a specific format like Plato believed. Graffiti captures meaning and form but not all graffiti pieces have perfect measure or evolve around an ideal end. An example of a modern artist is Keith Haring a famous graffiti artist.When looking at Harings work you are able to see that indeed form, shape, and size is not essential, that perfection is not a necessity but that getting the message across is the new perfection, â€Å"By expressing universal concepts of birth, death, love, sex and war, usi ng a primacy of line and directness of message , Haring was able to attract a wide audience and assure the accessibility and staying power of his imagery†( Keith Haring Biography) Plato would have hated this artist for not caring about having knowledge of the medium he was using, for being so free and for not being limited.Modern people have lost a sense of perfection and accuracy in their work because the meaning of the artwork has overpowered its aesthetic surface beauty, this meaning that Platos aesthetic theories no longer limit and gear the modern artist towards perfection. Art is the recreation of something that already exists. Plato refers to this as imitating work when he says, â€Å"Human makers envisage the human community according to the ideas of justice, the good, courage, temperance, and the beautiful. Within the state the various arts are practiced likewise as imitations of an external order of existence† (Philosophies of Art and Beauty pg. ) Plato talks about how human makers see the world according to certain ideas, which pushes them (while thinking this way) to create/practice art even though in the end they are still imitations of something that already exists. Keith Haring pops at this theory again and challenges it by creating work influenced by social concepts occurring in his human community, â€Å"They were humans and animals in different combinations . I remember trying to figure out where this stuff came from but I have no idea. I just grew into this group of drawings. I was thinking about these images as symbols, as a vocabulary of things. Suddenly it made sense to draw on the street, because I had something to say† (Keith Haring Biography).

The eNotes Blog Recognizing Frederick Douglass

Recognizing Frederick Douglass I was eager to see the books that won this year’s Pulitzer prizes and am thrilled with the results. (I mean, a book with trees as characters won the prize for fiction!) But I’m most pleased to see that David Blight’s biography Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom won the Pulitzer for history, because any opportunity to raise the profile of Douglass’s life and legacy is welcome. A strong advocate for change, a compelling rhetorician, and a champion for civil rights, Frederick Douglass is a figure worth studying time and time again. That Blight’s biography won a Pulitzer is a testament to how Douglass’s works are â€Å"being recognized more and more† for the relevance they have to today’s world. Here at , we periodically revisit the works of one of the greatest orators and writers in American history and try our best to encourage others to read more about Frederick Douglass as well. (We even did a giveaway not long ago, so keep an eye out for the next one!) So, if you’re curious about learning more about Frederick Douglass or interested in teaching his works in your classroom, then have a look at the resources we have available for studying this American legend: An annotated text of Douglass’s essay â€Å"Reconstruction.† This essay contains Douglass’s claims for what has gone wrong during American Reconstruction, how â€Å"the occasion demands statesmanship,† and his proposal for action. I’ve written about this piece before and always find that Douglass’s incisive comments apply to politics to this day. In addition to the annotated text, we provide a study guide with summary and analysis sections. An annotated text of Douglass’s speech â€Å"What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?† This fiery, impassioned speech is one of the most poignant examples of the power of rhetoric, showcasing Douglass’s skills as a compelling orator. In addition to the annotated text, we provide a study guide containing a summary and analysis of the speech’s historical context, literary devices, and rhetorical devices. A biography of Frederick Douglass, supplemented with analyses and critical essays. While Blight’s biography has been hailed as â€Å"the definitive biography of Frederick Douglass† (which we’re obviously willing to concede), our biography page contains useful facts, trivia, and critical essays on the man’s life and legacy. A study guide for Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Arguably Frederick Douglass’s most-famous work, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass is a powerful, honest account of his experiences as a slave and his path to freedom. This study guide is complete with a summary, themes, characters, analysis, critical essays, and a reference section, as well as a chapter-by-chapter lesson plan that includes a multiple-choice test, essay portion, and answer key.

Macroeconomics annotation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Macroeconomics annotation - Essay Example he lost in the China’s stock market by about three-fifths of its value, the decision-making body believes that the loosening monetary policy is appropriate. The China’s central bank, People’s Bank of China reflects the decision-making body’s concern and aim for the change in policy. The article’s primary economic element is the lowering of the interest rate in the economy. This lowering of the benchmark interest rate has an effect on the country’s monetary policy and money supply. According to Bradsher in the article, â€Å"effective Tuesday, the People’s Bank of China lowered by 0.27 percent, to 7.2 percent, the regulated benchmark rate that commercial banks may charge for one-year loans to business borrowers with strong credit histories. Rates for shorter-term loans will be generally cut even more while rates for longer-term loans will be subject to smaller adjustments, the central bank said, without providing details (September 2008).† By lowering the interest rate, the central bank aims to signal to commercial banks to lower the lending rate. By lowering the lending rate, the country aims to make funds more accessible to business borrowers. In figure 1.1, China’s benchmark rate is lowered. The interest rate aims to lower the money supply in the country. By lowering the money supply coupled with less stringent limits on lending, China’s Politburo aims to â€Å"protect the country from the global economic downturn.† By lowering the interest rate, China aims to signal commercial banks to lower down their lending rate which makes the cost of accessing financing lower. As is shown in figure 1.2 and 1.3, lowering the interest rates lower the costs to financing, which increases the investments in an economy. This increase in investments due to lower costs of financing that is brought by this change in monetary policy does not increase proportionately in the economy. Figure 1.4 shows the effect of the increase in investment in the economy. Because

Food Policy for Public Health Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Food Policy for Public Health Practice - Essay Example The National Food Guide also suggests individuals to reduce the foodstuff having saturated fats and sugar. It is also mentioned in the National food Guide to stay active and achieve a healthy weight. A healthy weight doesn’t mean to reduce the weight below the recommended level but to maintain it according to the age, height and other factors of the individual. The National food Guide also involves a recommendation to drink plenty of water. Our body requires lots and lots of water for a healthier and disease free life (Gidding 2005 Health Education Authority, 1994). These nutritional requirements are necessary for the adolescents or children at this growing phase because if they are not fulfilled the children or adolescents may catch some disease or disorder. The Australians Guide to Healthy Eating has given out guidelines as to which food should be particularly given importance when concerned with the proper nutrition of the body. Following the guidelines by AGTHE a new strat egy has been developed which aims at improving the basis of nutrition for the children and this strategy is named as Healthy Food and Drink Supply Strategy. The points given out by the HFDSS divide the food into different segments which should be taken as per the nutritional requirement of the individual. Further these segments are also known as the smart choices as with the help of these smart choices one can select the best possible nutritional diet for himself/herself (NHRM 2003). Being in my position of a public health nutritionist it has become equally important for me to keep a check on all the relevant jurisdictions under me and as to if they are following the guidelines or not. To further influence them with the Smart Choices it has become very important for me to address some issues so that the schools particularly realize the importance of these ‘Smart Choices’. The first possible step that I would take would be to approach the

Incident report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Incident report - Essay Example Knowledge results from the combination of grasping experience and transforming it† (Kolb 1984). I faced with small but diverse conflicts during my activity. There is a tendency that the middle managers have proven to be more mobile. So first of all I estimated the conflict in order to give an answer to the question of what we can change the current situation. The manager should properly analyze what the person needs or do not needs, and what will only confuse the worker, to be able to articulate the problem and extract the desired information (Aldair 2009). I was needed to think and act quickly in order to satisfy the tasks proposed, I used to concentrate and express my ideas and thoughts correctly in order not to offend anyone ant at the same time be understood by my interlocutors. Kolb proposed six main characteristics for experiential learning (Kolb, 1999), including the following points: His experiential learning theory was developed in order to give a model to develop our practice. This theory has appeared under the different titles like The Learning Cycle, The Kolb Cycle or The Experiential Learning Cycle. The Kolb Cycle is divided into four different stages and it is possible to start at any point, however the order of the stages of learning from experience must not be ruined to achieve the successful results. The Experiential Learning Cycle says that is not enough to get an experience in order of learning. The experience is essential thing when it is necessary to formulate generalisations and concepts, useful for the new situations. In order to prove the skills you should get to the new situations. According to the written above the idea is to link theory and action by planning with reflections back to the theory. In order to join it to my activity I need to open each category a bit more. Concrete experience is

A history of the telephone

A history of the telephone The Telephone In todays world we can reach into our pocket, grab our cell phone, and dial the person we wish to get in contact with and be conversing with them in seconds. In the present time, this seems like no big deal at all, but it all had to start somewhere. In the early 1800s this was not the case. In order to talk to someone, it had to be face to face, or through a letter. In researching the biographies of the inventors of the telephone, it became apparent that Alexander Graham Bell had the most influence and is credited the most with the invention of the telephone. The first telephone built by Bell along with Thomas Watson was constructed with a funnel, a dish of acid, a small amount of copper wire, all on a wooden stand. Its outstanding to witness the transformations of that time and compare it to the telephone technologies experienced in the present. As with most inventions, Bell did not have the intentions originally of creating a device that would be able to transmit speech with the use of electric current. Instead, Bell originally was only focused on transmitting multiple tones and signals over a single wire. In order to get to this point though, the history of transmitting only electricity over a wire, to sound, to the telegraph needs to be understood somewhat. Stephen Gray was one of the first known scientists to transmit electricity over a wire in 1729 (cite). After him came two men, Pieter van Musschenbroek and Ewald von Kleist, who developed what appears to be the first attempt at a battery known as the Leyden jar(cite), which would be used in experiments, lectures and demonstrations widely in the future. This sort of static electricity would stumble scientists for years doing experiments involving creating and storing the static electricity, but it would never be powerful enough to control anything. The first actual battery was invented by Alessandro Volta, but it still was not powerful enough to have any use with machines. Batteries would become chemically based as they still are, but it was not enough to get to the transmission of voice over wire. What was needed to be understood along with electricity to become closer to the invention of the phone was magnetism. Christian Oersted (cite) started the idea and around 1820 discovered electromagnetism. He founded that a magnetic field could be created by electricity, so the question was could the opposite be possible? One of the main factors that would eventually lead to the invention of the telephone was that of induction. Michael Faraday a year later is the person who reversed Oersteds findings and created, or induced, an electric current using an electric field. This major find in history meant that mechanical energy can produce electrical energy. This would eventually lead to hand cranking and winding, windmills, and watermills. This was the invention of the first generator. Up to this point in history, the transferring of electricity had been completed, but there had been no practical use. In 1830 that changed when Joseph Henry used an electric current for the first time to show communication was possible. In his classroom he created an experiment where he completely an electric circuit, and when the circuit was completely it made a steel bar swing and strike a bell. While Henry did not pursue his findings more, Samuel Morse created the first working telegraph. Samuel Morse is most famously known for coding system he developed in order to use the machine to transmit messages. Morse code uses the telegraph creating electric pulses and sending them from one station to another. At the receiving station the code is broken down into Morses system of dots and dashes. Tapping the telegraph creates a dot, while holding down creates a series of dashes. Morse code and telegraphy became increasing popular as it caused for the decline in the old methods of transporting messages such as the Pony Express. What this all is important for and leads up to is that now inventors and scientists were beginning to focus on the transmission of speech over an electric current, but has not quite happened yet. Charles Bourseul was one of the first to write about transmitting human speech over a wire, but never practiced his idea. It would be Johann Phillip (cite) in 1861 who would create the first telephone seeming device, that did not work.

Computers in the Educational System :: Education Teaching

Computers in the Educational System A little over ten years ago the world was on the brink of a monumental revolution. The computer was rapidly becoming more accessible to a wider range of people. Before the world knew it computers were brought down from a room sized machine that could only be operated by a trained professional to a shoe box sized machine that just about anybody could operate. Nowadays computers are used everyday of our lives. Computers can also be found in just about every classroom around the world. According to Stephen C. Howell â€Å"The introduction of computer technology into classrooms promises history’s most powerful and complex transformation of the learning process, powerful because of the extraordinary capabilities digital technologies offer, complex because of the high level of training necessary to utilize these technologies.† This paper will investigate both the â€Å"extraordinary capabilities† of the computer and the necessary training. As the computer boom really begins to takes off people are learning how to use computers at younger and younger ages. Now days the ten year old in the family can usually run the family computer better then the parents can. This is because schools are starting to mandate a computer class as a special course in elementary school. The children love it, and it gives them a great base to build on when the go to high school, and beyond. The number one reason for the computer boom was the invention of the internet. The internet makes it possible for people all over the world to exchange thoughts and ideas. Teachers are now able to harness the powers of both computers and the internet. All around the world teachers are using computers to aid them in there teaching. The internet makes it possible for students to research any topic they can imagine by searching thousands of library data bases world wide without even leaving the classroom. In the future students may be able to log onto an electronic classroom where a teacher is teaching a subject thousands of miles away. This electronic classroom would link students from all around the world, using a program called video conferencing, so that they could explore the feelings, and opinions of other students there age from different parts of the world.

Balancing Work and Family

Balancing Work and Family Managing work and family life can become quite a challenge even for the best family managers. Some families are more likely to balance their work and family based on traditional roles. However, some families are more expected to divide their work in term of the modern family type. A lot of families have difficulties to handle and balance both work and family equally while they choose household chores as the first primary choice, so they will observe with less opportunity outside work.Both traditional and modern family types always have different perspectives on how to handle the challenges of balancing work and family life. The most important thing that a first couple in the interview believes is having good preparation, intentionality, and decision-making with high demands to support their children and family. A woman of first couple has traditional roles of taking care of the home and children, she would define her family as two or more people who share th eir kindness, share happy and sad moment together, share values, share their trusts, and share consideration and helpfulness.Based on some of the challenges that she encountered in balancing work and family early on in their relationship, both of them tend to work hard and seek for a stable income and career with high demands for managing the family. The most complex decision-making faced by the couple is when to become parents if this in their plans. When they decide to have children, she also decides to quit her job as her responsible to take care of the children and to complete the household chores while her husband tends to give stable financial and moral support.In contrast, the most significant key to creating and maintaining the right position between work and family for a second couple of the interview is to arrange and share their housework by negotiating equal division of labor in term of the modern family type. Moreover, one problem for her as a workingwoman is the prover bial second shift. She often finds herself working double time to perform other household chores in addition to working full-time outside home.However, her husband often gives some helps and he does not tend to follow the traditional roles. She also believes a family is defined as two or more people who share responsibility for decisions, share values and goals, and have commitment to one another over time. To balance their work and family for the future planning to have children, they would inquire more special considerations helped them arrive at decision with enough income and stable income. Condition of work also does not interfere much with taking care of the child.

Anna In The Tropics Essays

Anna In The Tropics Essays Anna In The Tropics Essay Anna In The Tropics Essay The production of Anna in the Tropics generated many different themes throughout the play, however there was one theme that caught my attention and was supported much throughout the play. The theme identified most was the decision to solve issues with reason or to lower oneself to react in a violent matter, and allow evil to prevail. With many themes being prevalent, violence versus reason was communicated by the lighting of the play. The sighting designer, Mary Keenan, was able to use different lighting effects to help the audience better understand the message that was being delivered on stage. Dont think I ever realized before how essential lighting was in theater, until I put my attention on it. When reason was occurring, the lighting was more whitish-bluefish tint, and when the violence took place, the lighting changed to a more darkening of the stage. From the opening scene, with the lights coming on, till the last scene, when the stage went dark, lighting was important to help clarify the theme. Prior to this performance viewed lighting as a tool for making the stage visible for the audience to see and guy with a headset standing on a balcony maintaining a spotlight on the main character. However, after seeing Anna in the Tropics and becoming a more active audience member, I realized that my previous view was wrong. Lighting does much more than just light the Stage, and keep a spotlight on a character. It controls the mood and for this production the theme of the play. The theme that captured my attention was making decisions with reason or lashing out and using violence to solve robbers. Keenan does a good job from the opening scene in using lighting to help exemplify this theme. In the opening scene when Check and Santiago are attending the sock fights the lighting of the scene is a dark reddish brown; the cockfights are a symbol violence winning. Santiago continues to gamble even though he has no more money and has to borrow money from Check. Santiago is not using reason in just walking away from his losses but instead he rationally borrows money from Check to keep gambling on the violent cockfights. The dim lighting of this scene gives it a dark cold feeling. This is even more supported when the other scene that is occurring simultaneously is filled with bright lighting. When the scene transfers over to the awaiting of Juan Sultans arrival, the dim reddish brown lighting is quickly changed to a bright bluish white light shining on Marvel, Offline, and Contain. The changing in lighting, changes the audiences mood towards the scene. The elector is a symbol Of reason. Throughout the play, the audience sees the lack Of hostility Tijuana Julian presents. He is the voice of reason. That is why when Juan Julian is on stage, or talking, the lighting that accompanies him is usually that of brightness. It is not until his fateful death where we see darkness overshadow the brightness that he has brought to the dark stage. Another important scene is when Check takes advantage of Marvel. Check chose violence to solve his problem. Check was very depressed over his wife leaving him for the previous elector. Check makes advances towards Marvel who denies him. Marvel is fascinated with Juan Julian, and seeks his affection. This angers Check that once again a elector has come and gained he attention of the woman he desires. When his last attempt to make a pass at Marvel fails he results to violence. The lighting of this scene supports his quick transition from reason to violence. While making passes at Marvel and trying to win her approval the lighting of the stage is usually of normal brightness, setting the mood as calm. However, when Check chooses a violent approach in his rape of Marvel, the lighting of the stage quickly changes to a redness followed by a complete black out of the stage. The final scene of the play is also very important to the theme of the play. Check had continuously attempted to remove Juan Julian as the elector and eliminate the elector position all together. Check tries to modernize the factory by bringing in machines which would better the company, and raise amount of cigars manufactured. However, with the machines comes the elimination of the elector, because he cannot be heard over the loud operating machines. During this scene the lighting is clear and normal, with a bright white spotlight being directed on Check. This lighting presents the use of reason to solve the problem at hand. However, after his proposal is denied by the rest of the workers he turns to violence to end his hatred towards not only Juan Julian, but what the position of elector reminds him of; the loss of the love his life. In the last scene when Check appears on stage with gun in hand and shoots Juan Julian the lighting changes drastically. It goes from normal Stage lighting to darkness over the stage. Though a bright light still remains on Juan Julian because he is the voice of reason, and even though violence has prevailed over reason this time, the bright light that remains castes on Juan Julian represents that reason in the end will always prevail over the darkness of violence. Before taking a different viewing approach of the play, did not realize how much lighting helped support the theme of making decisions with reason or allowing violence to overcome you. Lighting sets the mood for the audience throughout much of the play and helps support the theme. The reason this play is important for the audience to watch is because every day we are presented with problems in life, and we make decisions on how to react to his issues we face. We have the choice to act calmly and reasonably or to let violence overcome us and make poor decisions. There is no lighting in real life that is going to help us to identify which choice to make. So by watching this play the audience learns that though reason might not work the first time, resulting to violence only leads to more issues at hand and causes darkness in ones life. The only way to eliminate the darkness is by allowing reason to overcome the evil and brighten the darkness that the problems have created.

Cheret lithographic posters and Art Nouveau essays

Cheret lithographic posters and Art Nouveau essays Although lithography was invented in 1798, it was at first too slow and expensive for poster production. Most posters were woodblocks or metal engravings with little color or design. This all changed with Cherets "three stone lithographic process," a breakthrough which allowed artists to achieve every color in the spectrum with as little as three stones - red, yellow and blue - printed in careful registration. Although the process was difficult, the result was a remarkable intensity of color and texture, with sublime transparencies and nuances impossible in other media (even to this day). This ability to combine word and image in such an attractive and economical format finally made the lithographic poster a powerful innovation. Starting in the 1870s in Paris, it became the dominant means of mass communication in the rapidly growing In France especially, as the industrial age grew, the average person had more time for themselves. They became better educated. They were becoming readers, theater goers, music and art lovers. It seems as though the French developed a keener sense of art and style, ahead of everyone else. Paris became the center for culture and artistic excellence, These were changing times. The middle class started to have access to consumer goods. This new consumer-oriented economy created a need for a medium to reach the masses of people with product information. The poster filled this need. To reach the people they had to be loud, colorful, easy to read and easy to understand. More importantly they had to be inexpensive as they only lasted for such a short period of time. Jules Cheret pioneered color lithography as an economical means of advertising. His innovations with color and shading produced images that convey their message in a matter of seconds while still proving interesting more than one hundred years later with ...

The Art Controversy of Mapplethorpe and Serrano Essay

The Art Controversy of Mapplethorpe and Serrano - Essay Example Mapplethorpe’s art is a rare combination of classic style and revolutionary theme. He deals with his carefully chosen theme of eroticism so as to aggravate the shock value. He exploits the different nuances of sexuality from the homoerotic to the phallic. His preferences with homoeroticism come naturally from his homosexual orientation. And to some extent it would not be wrong to say that his work of art portrays his own reflections and conceptualization of the erotic from a homosexual point of view. But to restrain his content to sexuality would be grossly unfair because in his later years Mapplethorpe had an ideological shift and he concentrated more on abstract spiritual themes rather than material ones. The uniqueness of his art lay in the fact that Mapplethorpe was unapologetic in his treatment of themes. He went ahead to capture in his frame some starkly bold moments of eroticism and the incongruous that have irked many.

How effective is Parliament in ensuring executive accountability Essay

How effective is Parliament in ensuring executive accountability - Essay Example This paper will look at the select committees and how they play a role in holding the executive accountable as some part of the parliament agencies. The Ministerial Question Time and the advantages and disadvantages that come with it are also discussed. This helps understand or determine whether the parliament has been effective in ensuring that the executive is accountable in what they do. Keywords: Executive, Government, Select Committee, Ministerial Question Time, Accountability Introduction Accountability is an aspect required in every kind of administration. In the U.K., the House of Lords and the House of Commons both have select committees that scrutinize their operations. Ministerial Question Time is also used as a method of scrutiny parliament. It is used as a way to hold the executive branch of the government into account of what they do. This paper discusses the different types of select committees, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as Ministerial Question Time a nd the advantages and Disadvantages associated with it. Select committees Select committees work in both houses; that is, the House of Commons and House of Lords. Most consist of eleven members who are chosen by the members of the parliament from their own parties. Their work is to check and report on areas ranging from the work of government departments to economic affairs. The report is usually published and sometimes discussed in the parliament. When the report is presented to the parliament, the government is given an average of sixty days to respond to the report. Generally, the select committees have limited power as they can request the attendance of ministers, but the ministers have an option of availing or not availing themselves. Before, the chairs of the each Select Committee used to be chosen by a select committee that was largely influenced by the government the party whips. Today, the chairs are normally chosen according to the Wright Committee proposals of 2009 throug h an AV election by all MPs (â€Å"Select Committees†, n.d.). Explain different types of select committees and identify the advantages and disadvantages of each as well There are two committees which differ in their responsibilities. First, there is the House of Commons Select Committee or the departmental Select committee. It has a minimum of 11 members as said earlier, who decide on how they will conduct their inquiry and then gather written and oral evidence. This Select Committee is given the work of examining the work of the government departments; that is, their expenditure, administration and policies of the government (â€Å"Select Commitees,† n.d.). The advantage of the Select Committee of the House of Common is that their mandate is not very limited, as some committees have roles that go beyond the boundaries of the department. They are also allowed to appoint specialist advisers, who advise them on particular matters, but these appointees are not permanent t hey are paid on a daily basis (â€Å"Select Commitees,† n.d.). The Select Committee of the House of Lords usually concentrates on four main areas; that is, Europe, science, economics, and the constitution of United Kingdom. Each are has been put under a committee that is, the European Union committee, and the rest follows (â€Å"Select Commitees,† n.d.). The committee members under the House of Lords